Both an ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear and a meniscus tear can cause significant pain and functional limitations in the knee.

Here are some key differences in symptoms that may help you distinguish between the two injuries…

ACL Tear

1. Mechanism of Injury – ACL tears often occur during high-impact activities that involve sudden changes in direction, pivoting, or landing from a jump. The injury may be accompanied by a popping sensation or sound in the knee at the time of injury.
2. Swelling – Swelling in the knee joint is common following an ACL tear, usually within a few hours of the injury. The knee may become noticeably swollen and feel tight or full.
3. Instability – ACL tears can result in a feeling of instability or “giving way” in the knee, particularly during weight-bearing activities or movements that involve cutting, twisting, or turning. Some individuals may feel as though their knee is unable to support their weight.
4. Pain – ACL tears typically cause significant pain in the knee, especially with weight-bearing activities, walking, and bending the knee. The pain may be localized to the front or center of the knee joint.
5. Limited Range of Motion – ACL tears may result in a decreased range of motion in the knee, particularly an inability to fully straighten or bend the knee without pain or discomfort.

Meniscus Tear

1. Mechanism of Injury – Meniscus tears often occur during activities that involve twisting or rotating the knee while bearing weight, such as pivoting, squatting, or kneeling. The injury may be preceded by a popping or clicking sensation in the knee.
2. Swelling – Swelling in the knee joint is common following a meniscus tear, typically within a day or two of the injury. The knee may swell gradually and may not be as pronounced as with an ACL tear.
3. Locking or Catching Sensation – Meniscus tears can cause the knee to catch or lock in certain positions, especially during movements that involve bending or straightening the knee. This may occur if a torn fragment of the meniscus becomes displaced within the joint.
4. Pain – Meniscus tears often cause localized pain in the knee joint, particularly along the joint line (the area where the thigh bone and shin bone meet). The pain may be exacerbated by activities that compress or twist the knee joint.
5. Limited Range of Motion – Meniscus tears can result in a decreased range of motion in the knee, particularly difficulty fully straightening or bending the knee without pain or discomfort.

It’s important to note that the symptoms of an ACL tear and a meniscus tear can vary depending on the severity and location of the injury, as well as individual factors such as age, activity level, and underlying knee conditions. If you suspect you have torn your ACL or meniscus or are experiencing persistent knee pain, swelling, instability, or limited range of motion, it’s essential to seek medical evaluation by a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or orthopedic specialist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendations.