Physical therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) is a specialized and comprehensive approach to maximizing the individual’s functional abilities, improving mobility, and promoting independence. The specific physical therapy interventions used for SCI may vary depending on the level and severity of the injury and the individual’s unique needs and goals.

Here are some standard components of physical therapy for spinal cord injury…

• Range of Motion Exercises – Passive and active range of motion exercises are performed to maintain or improve joint flexibility and prevent contractures (shortening of muscles and tendons).
• Strengthening Exercises – Targeted exercises are used to strengthen the muscles that the spinal cord can still innervate. Strengthening the remaining muscles helps improve functional abilities and supports the body’s stability.
• Mobility Training – Depending on the level of injury, physical therapists work on sitting balance, standing, transferring from one surface to another, and walking with assistive devices or braces, if applicable.
• Gait Training – For individuals with partial ambulatory capabilities, gait training with assistive devices like walkers or canes may be implemented to improve walking ability and safety.
• Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) – FES uses electrical currents to activate nerves and muscles, enabling individuals with SCI to perform functional movements such as standing or walking.
• Assistive Device Training – Physical therapists teach the proper use of mobility aids like wheelchairs, walkers, crutches, or braces to enhance independence in daily activities.
• Balance Training – Balance exercises are crucial for individuals with SCI to improve stability and reduce the risk of falls.
• Respiratory Training – For individuals with higher-level spinal cord injuries that may affect respiratory muscles, respiratory training is essential for maintaining proper breathing and managing respiratory complications.
• Skin Care and Pressure Relief – Physical therapists educate individuals with SCI on proper skin care and pressure relief techniques to prevent pressure sores, which can be a significant concern for those with limited mobility.
• Functional Activities – Physical therapy focuses on incorporating functional activities into the treatment plan to improve the individual’s ability to perform everyday tasks.
• Pain Management – Physical therapists may use various modalities and techniques to manage pain related to the SCI.
• Education and Home Exercise Program – Physical therapists provide education on SCI management, injury prevention, and developing a home exercise program to continue progress outside of therapy sessions.

Physical therapy for spinal cord injury is highly individualized, and the treatment plan is based on each person’s unique needs, goals, and functional capabilities. Physical therapy aims to optimize functional independence and improve the overall quality of life for individuals living with spinal cord injuries. The rehabilitation process is ongoing and may continue for an extended period to achieve the best possible outcomes.